European Population Estimates (in millions), at specified times, 500-1450
AREA 500 650 1000 1340 1450 Greece/Balkans 5 3 5 6 4.5 Italy 4 2.5 5 10 7.3 Spain/Portugal 4 3.5 7 9 7 Total - South 13 9 17 25 19 France/Low countries 5 3 6 19 12 British Isles 0.5 0.5 2 5 3 Germany/Scandinavia 3.5 2 4 11.5 7.3 Total - West/Central 9 5.5 12 35.5 22.5 Slavia. 5 3 - Russia 6 8 6 - Poland/Lithuania 2 3 2 Hungary 0.5 0.5 1.5 2 1.5 Total -East 5.5 3.5 9.5 13 9.3 TOTAL EUROPE 27.5 18 38.5 73.5 50
Based on information from Josiah C. Russell, “Population in Europe”, in Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., The Fontana Economic History of Europe, Vol. I: The Middle Ages, (Glasgow: Collins/Fontana, 1972), 25-71. Based on estimated population density, ages of marriage, and the number of people denoted by a “hearth” in those medieval tax surveys that do provide hard numbers.